Bruce is an academic general practitioner who splits his time between the Centre for Primary Care and Population Research at University of Dundee and his practice in Newport-on-Tay, United Kingdom (UK). His research primarily examines the quality and safety of health care and has included work examining pay-for-performance systems in the UK and United States, and the development and use of new clinical and safety quality measures. He has a longstanding interest in continuity of care in general practice as its highly valued among GPs and patients and has potential to both facilitate and personalise the achievement of more narrowly focused clinical quality.